William edward gibbon



(No Model.)

'W. E. GIBBON.

I EXPLOSIVE ENGINE. No. 585,434. Patented June 29, 1897.

Fig.1

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UNTTED STATES PATENT EEicE,

WILLIAM EDWARD GIBBON, OF OOLCI-IESTER, ENGLAND.

EXPLOSlVE-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 585,434, dated. June 29, 1897.

Application filed October 24,1896. 'derial No. 609,946. [No modeld To (ZZZ whom it 77mm concern Be it known that 1, WILLIAM EDWARD GIB- BON, a subject of the Queen of Great Britain, residing at Colchester, England, have invented new and useful Improvements in EX- plosionEngines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention chiefly relates to explosionengines of the kind described in the specification of my former United States Patent No. 547,606, dated October 8, 1895, and comprises improvements for enabling the piston to receive an impulse at every revolution, in the means for operating the oil-pump, in the construction of the vaporizer, and in the arrangement for causing the circulation of water through the cooling-jackets; but my improvements are partly applicable to engines of the closed crank-pit type, or of the kind wherein the front of the cylinder is closed to'form a chamber.

According to my invention I make use of a differential piston and cylinderthat is to say, a piston having a larger area at one side than at the other and a cylinderbored out to different diameters at the, two ends to receive the said piston. I arrange the larger end of the cylinder in connection with a closed chamher, which may be the crank-pit in which the crank works or a chamber on the cylinder, so that at each outstroke of the piston under the force of an explosion the air in the said chamber will be compressed and forced around into the combustion-chamber to drive out the products of combustion of the previous charge throughaport in the side of the cylinder which is uncovered when the piston is at the limit of its outstroke and to mingle with the hydrocarbon vapor for the formation of an explosive charge.

The oil-pump is operated by a groove in the periphery of the crank-disk acting against a lever in connection with the oil-pump, and the shield around the vaporizer described in my former specification is formed in one piece with the combustion-chamber.

The circulation of the water through the cooling-jacketsis effected by the use of a pulsometeroperated by the alternate compression and rarefaction of the air contained in a part of the space at the back of the large end of the piston in the large end of the diiferential cylinder.

To enable my invention to be fully understood, I will describe the same by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a longitudinal section of an engine embodying my improvements, and Fig. 2 is an edge View of part of the crank-disk.

a is the engine-cylinder, which is of larger diameter at one end than at the other, and b is the trunk-piston working therein, the main part of the trunk being turned to fit the part of the cylinder of small diameter, while the end I) of the said piston of larger diameter fits in the part of the cylinder of larger diameter, so that a space 0 is formed behind the said enlarged part Z) of the piston.

01 is the inclosed crank pit or chamber, communicating with the large end of the cylinder a, the said chamber having onits exterior the lugs or.brackets c e for supporting the engine upon a suitable bedplate.

f is the combustion-chamber, g the vaporizer and igniter, and h the shield surrounding the said vaporizer, the construction and arrangement of these parts being substantially the same as described in my said former specification except that the shield h, instead of being independent of the combustion-chamher, is formed in one piece therewith, as will be clearly understood by reference to the drawings.

t' is a passage formed around the large part of the cylinder at and communicating with the interior of the crank-chamber through the passage 11, and j is a pipe which establishes communication between the passage 7 and a jacket 1?, surrounding the combustion-chamber, the said jacket in its turn communicatin g with the interior of the combustion-chamber through an opening 11 An inwardlyopening valve 7c is arranged in connection with the opening 2' to prevent the gases in the combustion-chamber from being forced back into the jacket 1' and also to regulate the ingoing of the compressed air.

Z is a valve which operates in conjunction m is the port through which the products of combustion escape when the piston is at the extremity of its outstroke.

The operation of the apparatus as thus far described is as follows: Assume the piston to be at the end of the instroke and an explosive charge in the combustion-chamber to be ignited. As now the piston moves through its outstroke under the force of the explosion the air in the crank-chamber d is compressed by the piston. The compression, however, is

not suflicient to force the valve from its.

seat, owing to the greater pressure which exists in the combustion-chamber. WVhen, however, the piston has moved so far on its outstroke that the portmis uncovered, the pressure of the air contained in the crank-chamber is sufficient to open the valve 70 against the pressure of its spring, so that the air passes the said valve and drives out the whole or part of the products of combustion from the combustion-chamber and the cylinder through the exhaust-port m. At the same time gas is being formed in the vaporizer, which gas, issuing out at the top of the shield 7L, mingles with the air and forms a combustible charge. Then on the instroke, under the momentum of the fly-wheel or crank-disk, the exhaust-port m is again covered, the combustible charge in the cylinder is compressed and forced into the igniter g and fired. At the same time the air in the crank-chamber is rarefied, so that the valve Zopens under the atmospheric pressure and allows air to enter the crank-chamber ready for compression on the next outstroke of the piston. As the pressure of the spring Z would prevent the complete refilling of the cranlochamber with air at atmospheric pressure I form in the walls of the cylinder at a series of openings 77. n, which when the piston has, or nearly, completed its instroke are uncovered to place the interior of the large part of the cylinder and the crank-chamber in direct communication with the atmosphere. This arrangement insures a full charge of air being taken into the crank-chamber for compression during the outstroke of the piston. It will thus be seen that at each instroke of the piston the crank-chamber is filled with air, which 011 the next outstroke of the piston is compressed ready, when the outstroke is completed, for forcing out the products of combustion of the previous charge and for again chargingthe cylinder with fresh air and gas for the next explosive charge.

0 is the oil-pump, the plunger 19 of which is operated by a lever q, working in a recess I in the plunger and fixed to one end of a shaft r, the other end of which carries a lever sf provided at its free end with a roller i, run ning in a groove t in the periphery of the crank-disk t the said groove being formed in a manner, which will be readily understood by reference to Fig. 2, soas to impart a slight oscillation to the lever s at each rotation of the crank-disk.

u is the valve, arranged in the manner described in my former specification in conjunction with the vaporizer for admitting the oil under the action of the pump 0.

o isa pulsometer which I advantageously employ for causing a circulation of water through the water-jacket, n being the suctionpipe, o the suction-valve, r the deliveryvalve, 41 the delivery-pipe, which is connected to the cylinder water-jacket, and c an airchamber. The pulsations for working the pulsometer are obtained by connecting the space 0 behind the enlargement b of the piston with the chamber 20 of the pulsometer by a pipe m.

\V hen during the instroke of the piston the openings n 7% to the space 0 are closed by the large end I) of the piston, the small quantity of air imprisoned in the space 0 is compressed to force the water in the chamber to and pipe 00 0f the pulsometer to pass the delivery-valve o and when on the outstroke of the piston the air in the said space 0 is slightly rarefied before the openings 07. n are uncovered the suction-valve is thereby lifted to admit water into the chamber w and pipe 00, which is forced out under the next compression, and so on.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature of my said invention and in what manner the same is to be performed, I declare that what I claim is 1. In an explosion-engine the combination of a differential piston and cylinder, a closed crank-chamber, a valve for admitting air into the said chamber, an opening or openings from the outer air through the cylinder'into the chamber uncovered by the piston when at about the end of its inst'roke, and a passage for conducting the air compressed in the chamber into the combustion-chamber, substantially as described.

2. In an explosion-engine having a diiferential piston and cylinder, a pulsometer connected with the space 0 between the back of the larger end of the said piston and the cylinder, combined with a water-jacket, connecting-pipes, and the perforated cylinder-wall, substantially as described.

3. In an explosion-engine having a crankdisk arranged in a closed chamber and having a groove formed in the periphery of said disk, the combination therewith of an oilpump, and means substantially as described for operating the same.

WVILLIAM ED WVAR D GIBBON.

Witnesses:

G. F. REDFERN, JOHN E. BOUSFIELD. 

